Global Ag News For June 30.2025

TOP HEADLINES

Low water levels hamper shipping in Germany’s Rhine River as heat wave continues

A heat wave in western Europe has lowered water levels on Germany’s Rhine River, hampering shipping and raising freight costs for cargo owners due to additional surcharges as their vessels were unable to sail fully loaded, commodity traders said on Monday.

Low water has limited shipping on all of the river south of Duisburg and Cologne, including the chokepoint of Kaub, traders said.

At Kaub, cargo vessels could only sail about 50% full, at Duisburg and Cologne between 40-50% full.

Shallow water leads vessel operators to impose surcharges on freight rates to compensate for the vessels being unable to sail fully loaded, which raises the need for additional vessels to move consignments and increases costs for cargo owners.

Still, cargo is being delivered, with loads being carried by several vessels instead of one, traders said.

The Rhine is an important shipping route for commodities such as grains, minerals, ores, coal and oil products, including heating oil.

An intense heat wave is again forecast in parts of Germany this week, including in the Rhine area, with temperatures as high as 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahreinheit) possible in Cologne.

Traders said no improvement was in immediate sight and water levels could fall further.

German companies also faced supply bottlenecks and production problems in the summer of 2022 after a drought and heat wave led to unusually low water levels on the Rhine.

 

FUTURES & WEATHER

Wheat prices overnight are down 2 in SRW, down 2 1/4 in HRW, down 5 in HRS; Corn is down 2 1/2; Soybeans up 3 3/4; Soymeal up $0.20; Soyoil up 0.30.

Markets finished last week with wheat prices down 31 1/4 in SRW, down 33 1/2 in HRW, down 22 1/4 in HRS; Corn is down 8 1/2; Soybeans down 18 1/2; Soymeal down $8.00; Soyoil down 0.84.

For the month to date wheat prices are down 9 1/2 in SRW, down 15 1/2 in HRW, down 14 1/4 in HRS; Corn is down 14 1/4; Soybeans up 1 3/4; Soymeal down $20.00; Soyoil up 5.26.

Year-To-Date nearby futures are down 4.9% in SRW, down 7.9% in HRW, up 2.1% in HRS; Corn is down 8.8%; Soybeans up 3.0%; Soymeal down 12.2%; Soyoil up 32.7%.

Chinese Ag futures (SEP 25) Soybeans up 3 yuan; Soymeal up 20; Soyoil down 28; Palm oil down 54; Corn down 2 — Malaysian Palm is down 24.

Malaysian palm oil prices overnight were down 24 ringgit (-0.60%) at 3987.

There were changes in registrations (200 Soybeans, 561 Soymeal). Registration total: 193 SRW Wheat contracts; 0 Oats; 78 Corn; 442 Soybeans; 863 Soyoil; 1,384 Soymeal; 419 HRW Wheat.

Preliminary changes in futures Open Interest as of June 27 were: SRW Wheat down 603 contracts, HRW Wheat up 2,121, Corn down 14,177, Soybeans down 2,003, Soymeal down 4,166, Soyoil down 6,325.

 

Northern Plains: Scattered showers and severe weather moved through over the weekend, but also getting some rainfall into areas that recently missed in South Dakota as well. Though some showers may be possible for the front half of the week, most areas will be drier. However, a system will move into the region on Friday and is likely to produce widespread showers and thunderstorms. Overall, active weather continues next week as well. Though some drought exists and more rain is needed, precipitation is generally coming at a good pace for the region, with drought likely to ebb and flow between which areas get hit and which get missed over the next few weeks.

Central/Southern Plains: A pair of fronts caused scattered showers and thunderstorms to move through the region over the weekend, though plenty of areas were missed. Wetness is still an issue for winter wheat harvest in some areas, though the rainfall has been largely favorable for corn and soybean development where severe weather and flooding have not occurred. One of the fronts will stall out near the Red River, where showers continue early this week and another system will move into the region on Friday with more widespread showers and thunderstorms likely into next week.

Midwest: A slow-moving front and another moving in over the weekend brought areas of scattered showers and thunderstorms to most areas over the weekend. The trailing front will push through on Monday with only limited northern showers and increasing temperatures to follow going into the holiday weekend. The drier trend will not last though as another system moves through over the weekend with a very slow-moving front likely to linger into next week and potential for another system to move through in the middle of next week. Overall, mostly favorable conditions continue in many areas though there is a mixture of wetter and drier areas throughout the region.

Delta/Lower Mississippi: Scattered showers developed over the weekend again and some areas of heavy rain increased the soil moisture back to excessive in some areas. A front will push through on Tuesday, though the western end of it may bring showers into the region throughout the week with a great deal of uncertainty.

Canadian Prairies: A system went through over the weekend and brought scattered showers to northern areas and spotty showers farther south that are more in need. Several more systems and disturbances are forecast to move through the region through next week, but will probably only bring through scattered areas of showers and thunderstorms, forcing many areas to be missed. If that is for those across the south and east, that could be a larger concern for developing to reproductive wheat and canola.

Brazil: Some areas in southern Brazil have had a lot of rain over the last few weeks with fronts somewhat stalling or moving through at a frequent pace. Those fronts have also brought through some significantly cold air as well, producing areas of frost. Corn is mostly mature with harvest increasing and frost has likely not been much of a concern for winter wheat in the south either. But specialty crops will have taken on some damage from last week. Colder temperatures this week should be south of the main specialty crop areas. After a front fizzles out on Monday, generally dry conditions are expected the rest of the week, allowing some wet areas to recover.

Argentina: Colder temperatures have been producing widespread frosts and freezes over the last week or two with more occurring this week as well. However, that has likely had little to no significant impact on the remaining corn and soybean harvests or winter wheat establishment. Though drier conditions will continue to promote harvest, rainfall is needed for winter wheat establishment. Very little is forecast until a front moves through this weekend, but even that is forecast to have little precipitation, too.

Europe: Hotter and drier conditions continued over the weekend, favorable for dry down of winter crops and harvest, but stressing some of the drier corn areas scattered throughout the continent. A system will move through northern areas later this week and could bring some showers along its front, but a bigger system is forecast for this weekend into next week with more widespread showers, at least for northern areas. This system should also bring in more seasonable temperatures.

Black Sea: Areas of isolated showers continued over the weekend. Most areas of the region will be drier this week, though some isolated shower will be possible in southwestern Russia as well. Systems moving through Europe are likely to produce more showers for western areas this weekend and especially next week. With winter wheat maturing, drier conditions would be preferred for harvest, though corn and sunflower areas would enjoy more rainfall as soil moisture is still low in many areas.

Australia: Many areas remain too dry as winter wheat and canola try to build roots over the winter. A system is building off the East Coast, but much of its rainfall will be over coastal areas and not the inland wheat belt. Only limited showers will move through over the next couple of weeks, but rainfall will be more critical in another month or two as wheat gets into its reproductive stages.

China: Some showers went through central China over the weekend, overall favorable for corn and soybean development. The pattern stays active there with more areas of showers and thunderstorms throughout the week. Overall favorable conditions are found elsewhere throughout the country.

 

The player sheet for 6/27 had funds: net buyers of 1,000 contracts of SRW wheat, buyers of 10,000 corn, buyers of 5,500 soybeans, buyers of 3,000 soymeal, and sellers of 1,000 soyoil.

TENDERS

• SOYBEAN SALE: The U.S. Department of Agriculture confirmed private sales of 119,746 metric tons of U.S. soybeans to Mexico for shipment in the 2025/26 marketing year.
• WHEAT SALE: A group of South Korean flour mills bought an estimated 50,000 metric tons of milling wheat to be sourced from the United States in an international tender on Friday.
• WHEAT SALE: A group of South Korean flour mills bought an estimated 32,000 metric tons of milling wheat to be sourced from the United States on Thursday
• SOYMEAL TENDER: Leading South Korean animal feed maker Nonghyup Feed Inc. (NOFI) has issued an international tender to purchase up to 60,000 metric tons of soymeal sourced optionally from South America 

PENDING TENDERS

• BARLEY TENDER: Jordan’s state grains buyer has issued an international tender to purchase up to 120,000 metric tons of animal feed barley
• WHEAT TENDER: Jordan’s state grain buyer has issued an international tender to buy up to 120,000 metric tons of milling wheat which can be sourced from optional origins
• CORN TENDER: Algerian state agency ONAB has issued a new international tender to purchase up to 240,000 metric tons of animal feed corn sourced from optional origins.
• WHEAT TENDER: Bangladesh’s state grains buyer has issued an international tender to purchase and import 50,000 metric tons of milling wheat.

 

 

 

 

TODAY

Canada Crushed 831K Tons of Canola in May: StatsCan

Canola processing declined 9.7% in May from a year ago, according to Statistics Canada data released Friday on agency’s website.

• Oil production totaled 353k tons, and meal output at 490k tons
• Aug.-May crushings up 3.6% from year ago to 9.587m tons
• NOTE: Canada is the world’s top canola grower

 

Argentina Extends Tariffs Cut on Wheat, Excludes Soy and Corn

Argentina’s government extended lower export tariffs for wheat and barley through March 31, 2026, according to a decree published Friday.

• NOTE: Soy and corn, among other crops, are not included in decree and will have to pay the previous taxes
• Tariff reduction, which had been set last January, expire on June 30
• NOTE: Economy Minister Luis Caputo previously said that a tax cut for exports of soy and corn will end as planned
• Decree takes effect starting July 1

 

Argentina Crop Traders Mark Daily High With 3.6m Tons of Permits

Agriculture trading houses notched 3.64m metric tons of future soy and corn cargoes on Argentina’s crop export register, according to government data parsed by the Rosario Board of Trade.

• NOTE: After traders are granted export permits on the government register known as DJVE, cargoes can sail weeks or months afterward
• Friday’s volume was by far the daily record for soy and corn combined since the government introduced lower export tariffs on Jan. 27
• NOTE: Traders are rushing to get the lower rates for cargoes by applying before July 1, when relief will end and tariffs will be hiked
• NOTE: Under the tariff relief, exporters must bring at least 95% of all the dollars that cargoes are worth into Argentina within 15 working days of listing on the DJVE
  • The rule will help the government to build reserves of hard currency

 

Strategie Grains lifts rapeseed output forecast on Romania gains

Consultancy Strategie Grains has increased its forecast for European Union rapeseed production in 2025/26 after improved crop conditions in Romania boosted yield prospects.

EU rapeseed output this year is now seen at 19.2 million metric tons, up 0.6 million tons from last month’s projection and 14% above 2024/25.

“Rapeseed production was revised up this month, mainly in Romania, where end-of-cycle conditions were particularly favourable for pod filling,” Strategie Grains said in its monthly oilseed report.

Romania, one of the EU’s biggest grain producers, is expecting bumper harvests this year, including a record wheat crop, due to favourable weather.

In contrast, Strategie Grains cut its forecast for sunflower seed production by 0.3 million tons from its end-May report to 10.1 million tons, though that is still up 19% from 2024/25.

“Weather conditions in the coming weeks will be decisive for the sunseed harvest. The lack of water, combined with heatwaves, could adversely affect the flowering stage,” it said.

For soybeans, output is now projected at 3.0 million tons, stable compared with last month’s forecast and 4% lower than last year’s crop.

Despite higher expected rapeseed supply, EU prices have been firm due to dry conditions in Canada and geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, as well as ongoing discussions in the United States about increasing the volume of biodiesel blended into some other fuels.

But the consultancy said it expects average EU rapeseed prices to fall in 2025/26 as the higher output is set to lead to a surplus at the end of the season, while sunseed prices are expected to rise due to a deficit both in seeds and oil.

 

Germany’s Grain Harvest Forecast to Rise 2.8% This Season: DBV

Total German grain production for the 2025-26 season is seen at 40.1m tons, up from the 39m tons a year before, according to forecasts by farming association Deutscher Bauernverband.

• The land under grains cultivation this year has dropped slightly to 5.86m hectares, with 2.78m hectares of winter wheat planted
  • Good sowing conditions in the autumn encouraged an increase in winter crop plantings
  • Spring crop production is seen declining
• “We expect an average harvest with very different regional yields. The location differences are decisive”: Joachim Rukwied, DBV President
  • A lack of rain from February to mid-May led to dry top soil in some areas
• Rapeseed plantings slightly increased to 1.1m hectares
  • The forecast yield is steady from the previous year, with a strong pest pressure from rapeseed flea
  • Yields expected below the average of the last five years

 

Brazil’s second corn crop nearly 20% harvested, says Patria Agronegocios

Harvesting of Brazil’s second corn crop has progressed to 19.46% of the total estimated area planted, consultancy Patria Agronegocios said on Friday.

Late planting and wetter weather have caused this year’s harvest to fall behind last year’s pace of 47.14% for the same period, Patria said in a report.

However, rains have contributed to a 11.4% increase in productivity year-on-year, and a 7.7% rise in planted area compared to 2023/24, allowing Brazil to achieve what could be the largest second crop in history, estimated at 103.2 million metric tons by the consultancy.

 

SOYBEAN/CEPEA: Possible higher demand for soybean oil boosts prices in Brazil

After moving down for almost two months, soybean oil quotations rose this week in the domestic market, due to expectations of higher demand for biodiesel. This scenario, which tends to boost soy processing activities, helped to sustain quotations of soybeans. Soybean meal values, on the other hand, continue to move down, since the increase of crushing activities to meet the demand for soy oil may boost the supply of soy meal.

The National Energy Policy Council (CNPE) is likely to increase the mandatory mix of biodiesel to diesel from the current B14 (14%) to B15 (15%) between August this year and February/26. From March/26 on, it can change to B16 (16%).

The Brazilian value of soy oil increased 1.1% between June 18 and 26, at BRL 6.291.85 per ton (in São Paulo city with 12% ICMS) on June 26.

Due to the price rise, the share of soybean oil in the profit margin of the industry increased 1.2 percentage point comparing June 18 and 26, reaching 44.9%. On June 23, it hit 45%, the highest since June 15, 2022 – considering prices for soybeans, soy oil and soy meal in São Paulo state.

Soybean meal quotations, in turn, continue dropping. Consumers are supplied for the mid-term and optimistic about the supply in this crop. Moreover, the supply is high in Argentina, the most important global exporter of soy byproducts. On the average of the regions surveyed by Cepea, soybean meal prices dropped 1.4% between June 18 and 26.

 

CORN/CEPEA: Harvesting delay limits downward trend in some regions

Corn prices continue to move down in Brazil due to the perspective of high supply in the next weeks and to price drops in the international market. However, in some areas, especially in São Paulo, the downward trend has been limited by the delay of the second crop harvesting – crop activities have been interrupted by the rainfall and high soil moist.

The second crop harvesting reached 10.3% of the total in Brazil up to June 21, upping 6.4 percentage points in one week, but still below the 28% verified in the same period last year and the 17.5% observed on the average over the last five years – data from Conab.

In consuming regions, such as in São Paulo, values increased in some days, influenced by the demand above the supply of standard corn – the recent rainfall has been limiting the supply of this type of cereal.

The ESALQ/BM&FBovespa Index (Campinas, SP) downed 0.7% between June 18 and 26, closing at BRL 67.58 per 60-kilo bag on June 26. In the partial of this month, the Index dropped 2%, averaging BRL 68.24/bag, the lowest since September 2024.

In producing regions, in turn, quotations are moving down due to the good development of crops and, consequently, to the perspective of high supply. For instance, from June 18-26, prices dropped 9.3% in Rio Verde (Goiás), averaging BRL 53.65/bag on June 26.

On the average of the regions surveyed by Cepea, from June 18-26, corn values decreased 0.9% in the over-the-counter market (paid to farmers) and 1.1% in the wholesale market (deals between processors).

 

Ukraine Starts Harvesting Campaign, Cabinet Says

Ukraine starts harvesting early grains, with Odesa region leading the effort, the country’s cabinet says on website.

• Harvesting is underway in Odesa, Mykolayiv and Dnipropetrovsk regions

 

Malaysia’s June Palm Oil Exports Seen At 1,286,461 Metric Tons – Amspec Agri

MALAYSIA’S JUNE PALM OIL EXPORTS SEEN AT 1,286,461 METRIC TONS VERSUS 1,233,907 METRIC TONS DURING MAY – AMSPEC AGRI

 

Middle East unrest rattles Brazil grain farmers, inputs market

• Farmers fret over uncertain corn export demand
• Global tensions stall input sales in Brazil’s interior
• Brazil’s corn faces stiff competition

Tensions in the Middle East, home to large food importers and strategic fertilizer suppliers like Iran, have rattled grain farmers and traders in Brazil as a massive corn crop hits the market and the 2025/26 soy crop is prepared.

Frederico Humberg, founder of grain trader AgriBrasil, estimates Middle East tensions could impose losses of 5 billion reais ($909.84 million) on Brazilian grain producers, based on higher prices of inputs like urea, a key corn nutrient which at one point rose by $100 per metric ton. Exporters are also grappling with a 20% rise in maritime freight costs, or $7 per metric ton on some routes,amid continued market volatility, he said.

“We still have 80 million tons to ship,” Humberg said, referring to both corn and soy.

Iran accounts for 17%-20% of Brazil’s urea fertilizer demand while it bought some 12% of Brazil’s corn exports of nearly 38 million tons in 2024.

Brazilian farmers, who are currently harvesting a huge second corn crop, could export 44 million tons of it this season, said consultancy Agroconsult this week. But this year, expected abundant supplies from the U.S., Argentina and Ukraine mean stiff competition for Brazilian growers.

Mauricio Buffon, a farmer in Tocantins state, sees a challenging outlook.

“I have a lot of corn to sell. Unfortunately… a market of 4.5 million tons was closed, which is significant,” he told Reuters, referring to Iran, adding mainly domestic buyers are purchasing corn at this time.

By now, Buffon would have ordered at least part of the crop nutrients needed for his 2026 second corn crop. But higher prices and volatility kept him out of the market, he said.

Complicating matters, Chinese buyers have withdrawn from corn markets in addition to Iran, Agroconsult said this week. Humberg said China, a large corn producer, is an opportunistic buyer which only imports the cereal when its own output is insufficient.

Endrigo Dalcin, a Mato Grosso farmer, described “stagnated” farmer input sales in Brazil’s interior amid Middle East tensions.

He has yet to buy seeds, chemicals and fertilizers ahead of planting his new soy crop come September.

“Silos are full and pockets empty,” he said. Dalcin also mentioned an unfavorable exchange rate as reducing the prospect of farmer gainsfrom the sale of corn on export markets.

Marcos da Rosa, another Mato Grosso farmer, said one input supplier delayed delivery of a portion of the phosphate fertilizer he had ordered, without giving a reason. He said the seller “offered money back” but he refused because that cash would not suffice to buy the same quantity of fertilizer now.

“War broke out, raising costs and the risk of losing an importer,” he said, referring to Iran.

 

South Africa Crops Body Raises 2025 Corn-Crop Forecast by 1%

Crop Estimates Committee increases forecast for corn output in 2025 to 14.8 million tons.

• The harvest would 15% bigger than a year earlier, it says in a statement on its website
• It raises the estimate for production of the yellow variety by 2% to 7.13 million tons, and holds the forecast for output of white corn at 7.6 million tons
• It increases the soybean-output forecast 14% to 2.6 million tons
• White corn is used to make a staple porridge known as pap while the yellow variety is mainly used in animal feed

 

Egypt winds down wheat collection as purchases fall short of target, documents show

Egypt has begun shutting down some local wheat collection centres ahead of schedule, signalling that the harvest is nearing its end with purchases falling short of the government’s target, according to a supply ministry document seen by Reuters.

The shortfall comes as Egypt, often the world’s largest wheat importer, seeks to secure affordable supplies for a vast subsidised bread programme that feeds nearly 70 million people, amid high inflation and ongoing economic strains.

The government had aimed to procure between 4 and 5 million metric tons of wheat from a local harvest it estimated at around 10 million tons. The season, which started mid-April, officially runs through mid-August.

However, as of Saturday, June 28, just over 3.9 million tons had been collected, according to a second, separate official document reviewed by Reuters.

In recent days, the supply ministry has started gradually closing some collection points across the country, citing low volumes being delivered by farmers, according to the first document.

Centres that remain open will also be closed if they don’t receive wheat for 3-5 consecutive days, according to official documents, the document said.

The Supply Ministry didn’t immediately respond to a Reuters request for comment.

Egypt typically supplements its domestic harvest with about 5 million tons of imports annually to support its strategic reserves and subsidised bread system.

But import volumes in the first half of 2025 have also lagged behind those of the previous year, officials said last week.

Egypt has strategic reserves of wheat and other commodities sufficient for more than six months, Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly said earlier this month.

 

US Pork Production Up 2.1% This Week, Beef Down: USDA

US federally inspected pork production rises to 518m pounds for the week ending June 28 from 507m in the previous week, according to USDA estimates published on the agency’s website.

• Hog slaughter up 2.2% from a week ago to 2.408m head
• Beef production down 0.4% from a week ago, cattle slaughter unchanged at 560m head
• For the year, beef production is 3.2% below last year’s level at this time, and pork is 1.6% below

 

US to End Access to Key Tool to Predict Hurricane Strength

A week ago, US National Hurricane Center (NHC) forecasters accurately predicted Hurricane Erick would explode in intensity as it hit Mexico’s Pacific coastline. Now, key tools that helped inform that outlook will go away by the end of this month, and it’s unclear if a replacement will be available as the Atlantic moves deeper into what’s expected to be an unusually active hurricane season.

The US Navy and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) will no longer accept and distribute readings from the long-running Defense Meteorological Satellite Program after June 30, according to a service notice.

One of its top applications is helping forecasters accurately predict whether a storm is going to rapidly intensify — that is, when top wind speeds increase at least 35 miles (56 kilometers) per hour over a 24-hour period. When weak storms suddenly strengthen, they can endanger coastal residents and add stress for emergency managers trying to allocate limited resources.

In recent years, many storms have undergone rapid intensification, notably last year’s Hurricane Milton. That storm spun up from a tropical storm to a Category 5 hurricane on the five-step Saffir-Simpson scale in just over a day. While Milton weakened to a Category 3 storm as it made landfall last October, other storms have intensified right up until landfall. The includes last year’s deadly Hurricane John, which dropped nearly 57 inches (145 centimeters) of rain on parts of Mexico. Research suggests tropical systems will be far more likely to become powerful hurricanes through rapid intensification as the world continues to warm.

The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program data — which has been available to researchers and weather bureaus around the world — helps the NHC look inside storms while other satellites only look at “at cloud-top level,”  said retired NOAA meteorologist Alan Gerard.

The defense satellite readings have helped forecasters detect storms undergoing eyewall replacement, a process similar to a snake shedding its skin. As it unfolds, storms may weaken briefly while growing larger in size.

“That is an important process, to know that is happening,” Gerard said. “It stops the rapid intensification. It puts the brake on.”

After the eyewall replacement cycle, though, intensification can pick up again.

Equipment in the military satellite program — which launched its first satellite in 1962 — has been nearing the end of its useful life. The Navy began operating a replacement weather satellite this year, but it’s not clear if federal forecasters have access to the data.

Military officials did not respond to a request for comment.

In a statement Friday, NOAA communications director Kim Doster said the military satellite data is just one piece of a “robust suite of hurricane forecasting and modeling tools.” Doster said storm models still include data from other satellite systems and from NOAA’s hurricane hunter aircraft, among other sources.

“NOAA’s data sources are fully capable of providing a complete suite of cutting-edge data and models that ensure the gold-standard weather forecasting the American people deserve,” Doster said.

Nothing mentioned in the NOAA response can replace the sensors being taken away, said James Franklin, a forecaster who retired from the National Hurricane Center in 2017.

“When the data flow stops, the availability to see through clouds at the inner structure and organization of a tropical cyclone will be negatively affected,” he said. That will delay rapid intensification forecasts as meteorologists spend more time looking for other visual clues.

“It is going to be harder and it is going to take longer for the forecasts,” Franklin said.

 

India’s monsoon covers country nine days early, accelerating planting

India’s annual monsoon rains covered the entire country on Sunday, nine days earlier than is typical, the weather department said, bringing forward planting of summer-sown crops.

The monsoon is the lifeblood of India’s nearly $4 trillion economy, delivering almost 70% of the rainfall needed to water farms and replenishing aquifers and reservoirs.

Nearly half of India’s farmland is not irrigated and depends on the annual June-September rains for crop growth.

The southwest monsoon has further advanced into the remaining northwestern parts of the country, effectively covering the entire country nine days ahead of schedule, the India Meteorological Department said in a statement.

In a typical year, rains lash the southwestern coastal state of Kerala around June 1 and move northwards to cover the entire country by July 8.

The country has received rainfall that is 8% above average so far this month, IMD said.

An IMD forecast last month said India is likely to see above average monsoon rains for the second straight year in 2025.

Farmers usually start planting summer-sown crops such as rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, and sugarcane after the arrival of monsoon rains.

 

 

 

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